Combustion-turbine.



S. Z. DE PERRANTI.

COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2, 1907.

999,976. Patented Aug.- 8, 1911.

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

-Attes= Inventor,

S! Z. DE FBERANTL COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2, 1907.

999,976, Patented Aug. 8,1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

A1313 est: Inventor S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 2, 1907.

999,976, Patented Aug. 8,1911.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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S. Z. DE FERRANTI.

COMBUSTION TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR.2, 1907.

999,976. Patented Aug. 8,1911.

4 SHEETS-BHBBT 4.

Inventor, gm QM de M Atty's,

Attest:

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ENGLAND.

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To all whom itmayczmcem: 7

Be it known that I, SEBAs'rIA'n ZIANI nu FERRANTI, a subject of the Kingof Great Britain and Ireland, and residing at Grmdleford Bridge,Shefiield, in the county of York, England, and formerly of 31 Lyndhurstroad, Hampstead, London N. W., have. invented certain new and usefulImprovements Relatingv to Combustion-Turbines and v the Like, of whichthe following is a specifica- This invention relates to turbine motorsof the type in whichcombustion is conducted in 'a combustion chamber-orproducer andv the energy of the products utilized by means of expansionnozzles and one'or more turbines working in conjuncti'dn wlth a rotaryvacuum pump so 'as to permit of pressures less than that of theatmosphere tobe utilized in the turbine cycle.

The main objects of my present invention are to enable a range. ofexpansion below.

atmospheric pressure to be economically employed in working with suchturbines and to secure a sufiicient range of. expansion even with lowcompression pressures above atmosphere by working belowatmosphere to therequired-extent. r

Fuel used may be obtained from any convenient source such for example ascoke ovens or blast furnaces or gas producers and is preferably takendirect, i. 6., without pre-' vious coolmg.

In cases where my lnvention lnvolves both a rotary pressure and a rotaryvacuum pump, at least one of these pumps must be of the isothermal typebut not necessarily both. Referring now to the accompanying drawingswhich form part of this specification,

Figure 1 shows a turbine plant with its range of expansion entirelybelow atmospheric pressure and taking gas from a suction producer; Fig.2 shows a modification in which the range of expansion is partly aboveand partly below atmospheric pres sure, Fig. 3 being a similar plant butwith a liquid compressor pump'substituted for the rotary turbine pump ofFig. 2, while Fig. 4 shows a turbine system adapted to work with thefixhaust from ,an' internal combustion en e. a

- I wish it to ,be understood that the drawings are to a large extent ofa diagrammatic specification 0! Letters Patent. Application filed April2, 1907. Serial No. 366,000.

nature and should not be taken as working drawings,

Where desirable the same reference symhole are used todenotecorrespondingparts in the different figures.

- .In carrying my invention into effect RC1- cording to one constructionas applied in an apparatus working with atmospheric pressure as themaxlmum pressure of the cycle, (see F1g.'1) I employ, a suction gasproducer, a,

of any suitable type, the hot gases from' .whlchpass by way orf-thepipe, b, to the interior of a combustion chamber, a, where they burn inair sucked in through the regenerator, d, pipe, e, and-combustion chambcket, 7. .(In this and the following figures where parts of theapparatus are arranged in duplicate sets, one such set only will'bereferred to in order to simplify the description). -I attach on the endof this combustlon chamber an expanding nozzle, h,

of suit-able construction in which the products of combustion and anyadded. inert fluid (such, for example, as an excess of air drawn inthrough the'pipe, e,) are expanded down to the pressure ruling in theturbine casing, the fluid at the same time gaining velocity and beinglowered in temperature to adegree allowing of its safe ut1lization 1nthe turbine, 2'; on account of the high ve- 1001b acquired in the nozzleduring this operatlon, I prefer to employ the type of turbins in whichthe velocity of the impinging Jet 1s abstracted stage-wise in asuccession of rings of blades, 6'. The casing, is, of this turblne, isconnected to the regenerator, d, which 15 in turn connected byway of theplpe, n, to a multi-stage rotary vacuum pump, 0, having intermediatecoolers, 1', thus rendering the compression on the whole substantiallyisothermal. The vacuum pump, 0, sucks the gases fromthe turbine casingthrough the regenerator, d, discharging chambers and regenerators areshown in y duplicate, the one vacuum pump serving for both; but it willbe obvious that this is merely a matter of design, and any departure maybe made from the precise arrangements shown in Fig. 1 or in the figuresto be hereinafter described so long as the essen-' tial elements of theinvention are included.

' 7 fuel is to' be used, it is preferably introduced Any suitable workma done by the urfbins-and thisfhavejn icated conventionally inFig. 1 bya machine, a, which: may, for,

' instance,"be a dynamo coupled tojthe turbine. i l In order to startthepower nerator, I provide a store, if, of air un or pressure which can beutilized for starting purposes by, driving, say, the turbine a,connected to the store of airb the pipe, a," the vacuumpump,o, driveny'the turbine u, is thus causedto evacuate the main tur ne casing 4 andso draw in air through the'producer.

- pressed passing gases after expansion in the nozzles maybe the adde ofinertfluid, which' may be pr "combustion or air," into the l combust onThe-starting air supply may be compressed by an additional'rotary aircompressor, '10, driven by the main turbine, the air so comto the storethrough/the rovide for the addition of a 0gu'antity ucts of chamber, so.that the temperature of the sufficiently reduced. I v When roducts ofcombustion are used as the re'generator bya branch pipe; 2, from thevacuum pumpydlscharge toatmosphere and adjustment.

' by way of its jacket and arrange a suitable valve, 2, which may be ofthe threesway type. for their control For the" gas'producer aboveindicated 1 may substitute any other source. of fuel for the combustionchamber.

In carryingimy invention into efiect according toa modified form (seeFig. 2) I employ arotar isothermal compressor, 3,

havin interme iate coolers, 4', and I connect t is compressor by way ofthe pipe,

to the regenerator, (2, through which air is thus forced ,to thecombustion chamber, '0, the flow through the vjacket preferably beingcounter to that throug Y this combustion chamber, is adapted-for a w 5 Ithrough the combustion chamber as indi cated by the arrows. Assuniinthat oil ressure into the'combustion chamber the nozzle, 6. The.nozzle hof under very great range of expansion as in accordance with myinvention, the casing, k, of the turbine is exhausted to any desireddegree,

say conveniently to three or four ounds absolute. To eiiect this, arotary isot ermal vacuum pump, 0,- as before, sucks from the turbinecasing through the regenerator, 12,

and delivers the exhaust elastic fluid to the atmosphere through thepipe, ;0. p

If products of combust on are used for the inert fluid a branch, 7, maybe led from the pipe, '72, to the inlet of the compressor, 3,

and said products are thus forced through the regenerator tothecombustion chamber. Ow1ngto my employing pressures conslderably underatmospheric in the turbine :ferring to tubes, 10, communicatin inertfluid,-I may lead these to' of expansion.

the isothermal rotary compressor, 3 of Fig. 2, a compressorin which asuitable liquid is used as the medium of compression. Both in this caseandfthe preceding, the air is cooled during the course of itscompression" to such a degree thatit may usefully ab sorb heat from theexhaust gases while passing thr u h the "regenerator. Thus reig. 3 whereone form of such a compressor is shown, water from the nozzle 8, enters;the center of the thrower, 9, mounted on the main turbine shaft. thisthrower having a suit-able number of hollow arms-"passingover a ring ofopen ended with the annular y In applying my resent inventionaccord-170] mg to another mo ification, I substitute for chamber-{11;the effect 0 the rapid rotation of the thrower is to shoot, plugsof-water down the tubes, 10, at'a high velocity, the

air to be compressed'being entrained be connection, 12, passes to theseparating chamber, 13, the compressed air then passv ing through thepipe; 14, to the regenerator l as in previous modifications describedabove while the compressing water is led through the ipe, 15, to thecooler, 16, through whic water is circulated by way, of the pipes, 17,and after being thus 'cooled' passes through the nozzle, 8, and repeatsthe cycle. The isothermal vacuum pump, 0, is connected to the turbinecasing as before by way of the regenerator, d. Other .forms of suchcompressors-using liquid as the medium of compression are described inmy "pateht specifications, Nfos. 832783 and is. further part of myinvention cdnsists' 1 1 in employing the exhaust ofan ordinary.

reciprocating internal combustion motor in a turbine system' of theabove described character so as to utilize the-range-of expensionbetween the discharge pressure of the engine anda pressure considerablybelow atmospheric, thus increasing the efliciency of utilization of thefuel. Such a system issiugwn in Fig. 4, where the internal combu i0nected tothe turbine nozzle, h, by way of the exhaust pipe, 19. Theenergy thus remotor, 18, is indicated as ooncovered may be employed todrive an electric generator as indicated in the figure, or it may beemployed to perform the whole one portion of the negative work of theinternal combustion engine. According to one arrangement of this, fluidfor the reciprocating engine may be isothermally compressed in thecompressor, 20, and regenerated from the exhaust leavingithe turbine.Where the turbine cannot supply the whole of the 90 ,tween these plugs.From the chamber, 11, a

energy required for com ression in an engine using compressed Enid, Iprefer to finish the compression by a iston compressor, 21,preferablyldriven rom the eng1ne.

In connection with the hereinbefore described vacuum turbine plants, Iwish particularly to emphasize the feature of isothermal compression,since 'I consider this essential to the success of any suchinstallation. Moreover, so far as I know, the best way of obtaining theadvantages resulting from 4 such isothermal compression is by working itin conjunction with a regenerator. By isothermal compression I mean thesubstantially isothermal compression produced by a multistage compressorwith: intermediate cooling.

' Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In combination, a turbine having bladesand a-casing; a stage rotary vacuum pump with intermediate coolers; aconnection between said casing and the inlet of said pump witharegenerator disposed in said connection; a combustion chamber in whichfuel is burned in air to form working fluid, said chamber having aconnection to said regenerator; an expansion nozzle issuing from saidchamber and directing said fluid on to said blades together with aconnection between the outlet of said pump and said regenerator.

2. In combination, a turbine having blades and a casing; a stage rotaryvacuum pump 1 with intermediate coolers; a connection between saidcasing and the inlet of said pump with a regenerator disposed insaidconnection; a combustion chamber in which fuel is burned in air to formworking fluid, said chamber having a connection to said regenerator; anexpansion nozzle issuing from said chamben. and directing said fluid onto .said blades together with means for dishharging exhaust from saidpump at will into the atmosphere or into said regenerator.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

SEBASTIAN ZIANI DE FERRANTI.

Witnesses:

HENRY H. GRUNING, BERT'RAM H. MA'rrHEws.

